Espresso Essay

Coffee had been a part of the life of many people. From pure coffee to coffee blends, it has reached its way to the hearts of coffee lovers. According to the article of the International Coffee Organization entitled â€Å"The Coffee Story†, coffee begins with a goatherd named Kaldi. However, according to recent studies coffee was born on the plateaus of Central Ethiopia and brought for development to Yemen. In Cairo and Mecca, the beginning of coffee houses was first established. Since then, coffee became fervor rather than just refreshment. Many coffee brewing methods are developed to enjoy the real magic taste of coffee. These methods are: the use of percolator, auto-drip, French press, Moka Italian stove top and espresso. Among these methods, the espresso is the most popular and widely used method by many of the coffee brewers and coffee houses in the world. Espresso or cafe espresso is a variation of product of coffee. The term â€Å"espresso† came from the word â€Å"for express† which means that it is immediately served or made for customers. It is a concentrated coffee beverage that is brewed under very hot water using a coffee that is between tremendously fine and powder. In the early 20th century, it is developed in Milan, Italy which uses steam pressure up until the 1940’s. Spring piston lever machine is one of the inventions that made espresso a better one. According to â€Å"Espresso Coffee† of the Coffee Research Organization, espresso can attain its true and perfect taste through the perfect combination of four factors: the correct grinding of a coffee blend (Macinazione), the coffee blend or Miscela, the espresso machine (Macchina), and the skilled hand of the barista (Mano). With the proper combination of these factors, the best espresso may attain which is described as extraordinarily sweet with the real aroma of fresh ground coffee. A good coffee blend is one of the main priorities of various espresso makers to attain its perfect taste. The difference of espresso to other brewing process is the formation of the crema. Crema is the layer of bubbles that trap the aromatic compounds produced over brewing. To enjoy the aromatic taste of coffee it is essential to have an outstanding preparation of espresso blend. Many countries all over the world contribute to the perfect combination of espresso. Among those countries are Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru and Panama. Coffees from these countries are used as base of coffees that gives the espresso its undeniably taste of sweetness. Certain countries like Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopian Harrar, and Zimbabwe also contributes to the variation of taste to add acidity, flavor, complexity and brightness. To add richness and body when blending, coffees from places of Asia like Java, Sumatra and New Guinea are considered. Roasting of coffee is definitely an important part of creating a well-tasted espresso. In this chemical process, the aroma, acids and other flavor components is being changed to enhance the acidity, flavor and aftertaste of the coffee. Minimizing the bitter taste and acidity of the coffee is the focus of many coffee-based manufacturing factories today. They replaced the sweetness lost in the process of roasting by alternatives like add up of milk or other flavors that will make an espresso based drink more delectable. This is the reason why espresso based drink is more popular that straight or solely espresso. Also in this process, it is important to observe the sweetness by minimizing the carmelization of sucrose but not overlooking the roasting which degrade the bitter taste of the coffee. A good espresso grinding can be attained through the use of an espresso burr grinder and to grind it per order. Conical burr grinder is the most advantageous burr coffee grinder that is widely-used due to its product. It produces an increase in the surface area of each particle and augments the richness of the flavor. In coffee grinding it is important to tamp or fill the espresso as fast as possible. Allotted time of activation of 15-20 seconds of the coffee grinder is required to maintain the freshly ground coffee to be used. An extraction time of 23-28 seconds is most possible to produce a ground size of a standard espresso coffee. In addition, humidity also takes part on the extraction time. The presence of moisture from the air can lengthen the extraction time. In espresso preparation, espresso tamping is frequently ignored. It is a process where a pellet of coffee is formed through the use espresso tamper and penetration of hot water uniformly. Proper espresso tamping is an important key to attain a great espresso. But aside from this, the use of a correct espresso tamper is an evident one. The correct espresso tamper should be made of aluminum or any equivalent light metal that have a diameter that will tightly fit the basket. Among the stores that have the proper product of espresso tampers is Vivace’s. They also put on the market different sizes of pistons. Recently, Vivace’s suggested the use a round bottom coffee tamper rather than the conventional traditional coffee tamping machines. The stability of temperature of the water inside the espresso machine is a relevant factor in attaining a good espresso coffee. Today, almost all of the commercial espresso machines have a proper temperature stability set-up. Use of an espresso with a large boiler tanks for brewing and steaming is an answer to the temperature stability area. However, many espresso makers believe temperature stabilizing can be practiced. Temperature stabilizing means that water inside the espresso machine is maintained at a constant temperature. Overheated water or too much water inside the boiler is the point of adjustment an espresso tamping machine should gauge. Regular running water is the key to maintain the proper temperature stability. With this temperature stability, excellent product of brew of an espresso could be achieved. Crema’s intensification in an espresso is brought about by the water pressure which is between 9 and 10 atm. Boiler pressure gauge on the other hand is the one responsible for checking the amount of water that should be integrated to the steam. Without the presence of this espresso pressure gauge, it will be impossible to attain the aromatic and well sweetness of crema. Aside from this pressure gauge, other parts of the espresso machine play a vital role in forming a well taste coffee espresso. These parts are the portafilter, steam wand, keypad, tray, and sight glass. The portafilter which is made up of metal is the overall assembly of the spouts, handle and basket. The responsible for the ejection of milk froth lies on the capacity of the steam wand. The water content that is forced through the steam is observed in the boiler sight glass. Maintaining the cleanliness of the coffee machine is a great task any espresso maker is emphasizing but is forgetting in the process of making. It is equivalently important as the other factors in espresso making like blending and grinding. Assuring that the machine is well cleaned will probably increase the quantity of espresso based drinks customers. This will also make the machine more efficient in terms of product proficiency. Moreover, the burr blades of the espresso grinder should be regularly cleaned. Yearly replacement of the burrs must be observed to assured the quality of the coffee granules that will be produced. Another factor to be considered in serving an espresso is its espresso cup. It must be pre-heated using other source aside from the espresso machine itself. If the cup is not pre-heated then the temperature of the water will be lowered thus uneven extraction of espresso might takes place. A magic hand of the barista and the passionate love in making espresso are the ones that make a good espresso coffee. The barista is the one that operates with the espresso coffee machine. It is considered as the most fundamental factor in espresso coffee making. A good barista should possess both passion and logical scientific character. If the barista loves doing the work or the job then he will probably make sure that he makes one of the best espresso coffees. In Italy and other parts of Europe, barista is considered as a profession. It is often associated with the skills and knowledge that were passed through ages. In contrast with what is the tradition in European countries, American based barista is just an employment for young people and not really a career position. The proper stiffness of the grind, exact roasting to attain the extraordinary sweetness, correct water temperature and pressure, appropriate tamping and favorable environmental factors like humidity are perfect combination of a good espresso coffee. If the barista recognized and possess all of these then a well-done espresso will be attain. With all the proper blending, roasting, grinding, quantifying and tamping the coffee, it will be more effectively extracted to attain a great espresso. Nonetheless, espresso making thus not end there. The barista is still the core of making a good and well-done espresso coffee. It is up to the barista to have a good combination of the ingredients and proper methods. However, there is still no perfect espresso. A well-done espresso making is a passion and not just a work to be able to earn money. It is for the love of coffee that man will experience to taste the perfect espresso.

Journey Into The Unknown English Literature Essay

It was about 15 old ages ago in 1995 when I foremost discovered that my married woman was holding serious issues with memory. We had gone to see friends in North Carolina when I realized that Betty had forgotten to pack a batch of the points we needed – toothpaste, towels, lens solution, formal wear for the party we would be go toing. I thought nil of it then- she likely left the bag at place incorporating all those points. A few hebdomads subsequently when we had returned back place I caught her inquiring me the same inquiry twice- Did we pay the electric measure? I answered her twice with some vacillation. Two months subsequently in June, her friends and household threw her a surprise 58th birthday party at our place. She looked truly surprised when I led her into the house full of thirstily expecting invitees. She had smiled up at me and had proceeded to recognize everyone coming up to her. The party was in full swing when I had passed by the kitchen for more beers when I caught her inquiring my female parent whose bar was sitting on her dining room tabular array. My female parent believing it was a gag laughed. Not three proceedingss later she came up to me and asked the same inquiry. That scared me to the bone because she was dead serious. Subsequently that dark as were turning in for bed she commented that she had non realized her birthday had arrived- it had merely slipped her head. I was still staggering from the incident earlier and began to acquire more frightened. Was she merely so busy at work and with the combination of aging that led her to bury that her birthday was today? These inquiries unsettled me and that dark was when I foremost started holding serious ideas about taking her to a physician. Betty worked as a secretary replying calls and scheduling clients for a local watering place salon. She had worked there for some 20 old ages while I worked in the building concern. I knew her to be a really organized person who was ever on top of things. She was frequently the 1 who would retrieve to name the aunts and uncles and cousins when their day of remembrances or birthdays had arrived. She had grown up as the younger of two kids in Edison, New Jersey. I had known her since I was in junior high and we began dating in high school, frequently hanging out with friends at the local Burger topographic point in near our school. She had finished high school when we had decided to acquire married and get down our life together. I did n't cognize that my universe Lashkar-e-Taiba alone my married woman ‘s would shortly be turned upside down. Betty was known to maintain this small contriver with her that contained all the of import day of the months and events. Had she merely bury to pencil in her birthday in her calendar? Does one even necessitate to make that for their ain birthday? I tired to disregard these ideas but slumber was non easy to come by that dark. We decided to travel to the physician ‘s for our everyday visit the following month. Once I was at that place I had told the physician outside the room that Betty seemed to be holding trouble retrieving things. He said he wold expression into it. By the terminal of the visit 20 proceedingss subsequently, it was decided that Betty was likely covering with depression. This came as a flooring diagnosing to the both of us. Nevertheless, I convinced her to get down the medicine recommended to her by the physician. For months she was on an anti-depressant and she did non detect a alteration. I nevertheless, noticed drastic changes- but non for the better. Betty had received a call from work one eventide. Unbeknownst to me, Betty had failed to schedule in clients into the work calendar for a few months to the point where clients would demo up for their assignment they made over the phone merely to be told that there was no record of it. Betty must hold spoken to the adult females over the phone and confirmed unfastened times but failed to come in them into the system. It happened plenty times to justify her losing her occupation. She seemed baffled and denied anything of the kind. However much I wanted to believe her I began holding uncertainties about her abilities or deficiency thereof. I reexperienced the same sinking feeling I felt the twelvemonth earlier at the surprise birthday party. Is she losing it? I decided to name our boy that dark and inquire him to see us sometime and that I had something I wanted to discourse with him. He and his household came to see two months subsequently. I relayed everything traveling on with his female parent to him and he sat there and listened to it all. He did non experience that his female parent was depressed. He thought it was old age but encouraged me to take her to another physician, possibly a brain doctor. He did detect a alteration in her over the past twelvemonth and had besides caught her inquiring him the same inquiry multiple times during his visit, twosome of times even burying her one twelvemonth old grandson ‘s name. I was convinced and took her to see a brain doctor. It was at this visit with him, that I eventually received some replies that made sense. After some trials, he had given Betty a diagnosing of early-onset Alzheimer ‘s. I was both in denial and relieved at the same clip. What he described to me made sense and I could see it in the daily activities that Betty went through. But I could non penetrate why it had to be her and why now at this clip. She was quickly started on medicine. With her d iagnosing came my transmutation from a comrade to a full clip health professional where it became my bend to take attention of her. The physical and emotional toll of being a full-time health professional was overpowering. I was inundated with the day-to-day jobs of cookery, cleansing, shopping for the food markets, paying the measures, and making the laundry- all the things that Betty one time was in charge of and did with such evident easiness. Over clip I realized the importance and critical function in my saneness of making out and inquiring others for aid. Friends and household became line of lifes when I needed to take a interruption from caregiving. They would watch her and maintain her company while I would take a dark off to pass clip with friends and unwind. The physician every bit good has been a enormous support and proctors her on a regular basis. The most of import lesson John has realized is that taking attention of a loved 1 with Alzheimer ‘s does non necessitate to be a lone and only journey. Although Betty continues to smile, it is non the same smiling they used to portion when they were younger. Although she engages in conversation with him, it is non the same as before. While he may hold lost some of Betty he one time knew, he has discovered some new qualities in his married woman throughout this journey that still motivate him to care for her merely the same. And for him it is so a journey into the unknown with his married woman by his side and support of household and friends.

Personal Development Planning - Report Assignment

Personal Development Planning - Report - Assignment Example Lastly, a personal development plan aids in creating a plan that a person needs in order to acquire skills that he or she may need for his or her academic studies and their aspired careers. A PDP is of benefit to an individual as a way of assessing their academic performance, professional life as well as their personal life (Hepworth 2011). Some of the advantages of a PDP in ones academic performance are as follows: Creating a balance between personal interests and studies is something that many students fail to achieve. Failing to achieve any of them usually make one feel stressed and their productivity may fall which can affect ones personal relationships. Ability of creating the balance in work life and study is important to students PDP in various ways. First, it improves an individual’s efficiency at work and studies (Hepworth 2011). Working too much or studying for long hours can make one feel fatigued. Lack of breaks can easily affect individuals performance negatively which may result to poor grades at school or poor output for working individuals. Second, it makes one flexible. Flexibility is important in ensuring as well as maintaining balanced work and study life. If this is not achieved, either of the two is bound to fail and lastly, balancing the two makes one feel rewarded. When you feel positively engaged with work, hours seem to pass quickly and so does your performance i mprove. The same applies to studies whereby one starts to improve in his or her studies. In our current generation, being computer literate is an added advantage in almost every type of job. This is usually accompanied by numerical skills which is another marketable skill in the job hunting. Therefore, it is advisable that every student should have recent computer skills and at least some numerical skills. An individual’s ability to read and write and the

Communication Direction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication Direction - Essay Example Take an example where a criminal described his case to an advocate who intern advices the subject on what to say in court or what to leave out. The convict may also query the advocate awaiting response on a certain issue. This form of communication always has feedback as one of its entities unlike its counterpart, from both the recipient to the sender and letting the sender understand that the message was received accurately. A restricted two-way communication involves oral response without the use of target language. Nonverbal responses such as nodding may also be seen here. For instance, the judge may ask the convict, ‘nod if you understand †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ A full-two-way restricted communication, the respondent uses the target language. Both parties are involved in verbal messages. The following comparison and contrast of both the one and two-way communications are backed by several empirical research, urging emphasis on the benefits of accepting one-way is crucial in startin g a conversation before realization of a two-way communication producing the target language just before this introduction (Rai, 2009). The benefits of one way communication is that where the sender is not bothered, both can continue with their task without fear of failure. As for its disadvantage, the one-way communication is that the receiving parties cannot air their opinion (Rai & Rai, 2009). The one way communication does not offer room for expression. It is somehow meant to deliver information rather than attain a response. The entities here are the sender and the receiver only, leaving a weak room for feedback. There are disadvantages around the two-way communication, the sender encounters constant bothers and is required to entirely focus on the recipients’ needs over their own (Agarwal, 2010). This is termed as a bother to most senders, engulfed in this study of the corrections department, given that different individuals have

Ethics within the clothing retail sector 02225 Essay

Ethics within the clothing retail sector 02225 - Essay Example In addition, competition is increasing in the high street clothing retail chains. Therefore, they are using the CSR strategies to increase sustainability and growth. During the years 2011 to 2012, they promoted more green production. Alhaddi (2014) stated that retailers are promoting highly recycling products, eco friendly products, and fair trading policies. Clothing retailers are using most emerging technologies for reducing waste in operations. They are adopting socially responsible strategies to maintain the welfare of external stakeholders. Alternate energy resources are being used by the organisations to conserve the conventional resources (Azmat and Zutshi, 2012). In the current study, corporate social responsibility and ethical issues are discussed in depth with the help of different real life ethical firms. The researcher will be using the examples of Next, Arcadia Group, Primark Stores, TK Maxx, Matalan, and New Look Group. Clothing retail firms are facing huge competition in the UK base fashion retail market. Organisations are maintaining ethical strategies in order to achieve sustainability. Corporate social responsibility is one of the major used strategies for increasing sustainability in the international clothing retail market. Organisations are looking for obtaining growth and sustainability. Corporate social responsibilities of the major retail firms are concentrated on the segments like social, ethical and environment. The firms are planning to provide proper value to the external stakeholders. In addition, BubnaLitic (2009) stated that CSR strategies are orienting the equity shareholders in the global financial market. On the contrary, if the investors are not oriented they will not interest or motivated to make the further investment in fashion retailers. Business operations will be controlled efficiently, productively and sensibly by the use of efficient strategies and CSR polices also

Code of Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Code of Ethics - Assignment Example List the rules and principles that your company will use in decision making. The rules and principles that one’s company will use in decision making conform to the four ethical rules or principles, to wit: utilitarian, moral rights, justice, and practical rules (Jones, 2007, p. 150). Provide a brief explanation of why you selected each rule and principle. The utilitarian rule is chosen because it stipulates following policies that would provide the greatest benefit for the greatest amount of people. Given a scenario that needs decision making, this rule would govern the most viable course of action that would ensure greatest benefits for the stakeholders or inflicting the least harm. Likewise, for moral rights, the company should adhere to â€Å"one that protects people’s rights to freedom, life and safety, property, privacy, free speech, and freedom of conscience† (Jones, 2007, p. 150). Justice, on the other hand, must be promoted within the company by instituting rules, policies and procedures that are fair and impartial. And finally, the practical rules govern a manager’s decision-making where a course of action should be selected with â€Å"no hesitation about communicating to society because the typical person would think it is accepta ble† (Jones, 2007, p. 151). These four rules and principles ensure that the company’s decision-making process conforms to the ethical, moral and legal standards expected by society and acceptable to various

Managing Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Managing Information Technology - Essay Example The sequential access files could either be in the form of line sequential organization or indexed sequential organization (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, Perkins, 2009). What is most important is how the records are accessed. If these are accessed in the form of the sequential format, the sequence is maintained nonetheless but if this is done through a direct approach, there is no fixed mechanism behind the same. The direct access files are the ones which come about in a random fashion and are easily understood within the search mechanisms. It is easy for the files to be found on the record because there is no order to this system which has been employed. Hence it becomes easier to access files in this fashion nonetheless. In the end, it is correct to state that both sequential access files and direct access files are significant towards the file organization

Introduction to Communication-Creating I Messages-discussion Personal Statement

Introduction to Communication-Creating I Messages-discussion - Personal Statement Example These situations could be the temperament and personal mood at the time of communication (Bishop 4). Non- assertive communication is in most cases defensive and irrational. I remember one scenario when I was in a meeting with my business partner. We had agreed on the standard terms for our ERP implementation to one of our clients. A disagreement arose on what duration the implementation of the project would take. A series of questions kept on propping up from my partner. There was a heated disagreement and the discussion turned out acrimonious. My partner in deed had some valid concerns. Assertive communication in this case would have solved the acrimony. Assertiveness is a skill that needs to be incorporated in day to day communication. When one is tactical in his or her communication, they listen more than they talk. The basis of careful listening is to gain a clear understanding of the other person’s perspective. The result would be a balanced reaction to whatever the issues under discussion. I now have an understanding of assertiveness in communication. It is more productive and it results to tangible

Introduction to Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Networking - Essay Example This layer is used for direct control of data with the hardware in place. Data transmitted in this layer is in form of bits. Data exchanged at this level is in form of the frames and it prepares the data to be further processed to the network layer. The physical addresses are assigned at this level, further tasks performed by data link layer include encryption and error correction. By this stage, the data is transmitted into packets and it ensures smooth packet transmission between the two ends. Unlike data link layer, logical addresses are assigned at this layer. It also sets rules for the routing path as to which one should be chosen and followed for the transmission of traffic. Transport Layer: This layer plays the role of intermediate layer between the upper layers and the lower layers. It is largely concerned with the delivery of data sent to the other end. Transport layer are further segregated into connection oriented and connectionless. Other features of this layer include segmentation, window size control and flow control in form of congestion prevention. Session Layer: The session layer is responsible for number of operations, which include the connection establishment, its termination, and its maintenance and recovery. The type of transmission performed under this layer includes full duplex transmission, half duplex transmission and simplex transmission. Presentation Layer: this layer is responsible for encryption of data, its translation along with the syntax and format of data sent from the sending node. IT further performs the task of data compression in case of IPSec. Application layer: This layer serves as an interface of communication between the users and the devices along with the management. Examples of this layer include web browser, telnet, email client and a file sharing protocol F.T.P (Forouzan, 2005). Layered network approach is adopted across the world by all major network service providers, there are

The Passage of High School Life Essay Example for Free

The Passage of High School Life Essay Ron Suskind’s A Hope in the Unseen is a moving novel that illustrates the passage of a young man high school through his first year as a freshman at Brown University. What makes the storyline most interesting is that the protagonist, Cedric Lavar Jennings, hails from a particularly unique background. His father is a drug addict who spends half his time in prison and the other half of his time on parole working any job he can find. As a result, Gilliam plays little to no role as a parental figure save the few times Cedric interacts with him in prison. Cedric’s mother Barbra, on the contrary, is an incredible human being. Words fail to express exactly how much Barbra has sacrificed for her son Cedric. â€Å"She’s been killing herself, her lifeblood channeled thorough scriptural pieties and long-shot hopes for Cedric’s future, leaving new own urges untended and volatile† (42). In this sense, Cedric is virtually brought up entirely by his mother and her values quickly ingrain themselves in Cedric. The first part of the novel chronicles Cedric’s final years at Frank W. Ballou Senior High; a high school in southeast Washington DC frequented by inner-city children whose last concern is academics. The portrait given of the school is pretty bleak, with multiple daily reports of violence. Crab/bucket syndrome: â€Å"when one crab tries to climb from the bucket, the others pull it down† (17). Amidst this background at Ballou, Cedric not only manages to maintain his high academic standards but also succeeds in passing under the radar of violence. Cedric holds true to his ambitions of attending an Ivy-League university and is rewarded for his hard work the summer of his junior year by virtue of a letter of acceptance to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s MITES program. MITES is a program established for minority students who display significant promise. Successful completion of such a program is paramount for Cedric because a healthy percentage of students who participate in the MITES program and who demonstrate potential are subsequently asked back to MIT for four full years of college. The MIT program proves to be quite the experience for Cedric, who quickly finds himself far behind other minority students for the first time in his life. He is suddenly immersed in a world of competitive minorities, a world he has never seen before, and the entire process is rather overwhelming culture shock. â€Å"up in Cambridge, meeting black kids who were so much different than him left him confused about what being black means† (100) ANOMIE. Needless to say, in his meeting with Professor Leon Trilling at the end of the program, Cedric is told that his performance during the summer does not qualify him for a spot into the fall class at MIT. Although difficult for Cedric to stomach, the news is nothing unexpected. Cedric spend the entire summer in a constant struggle to compete with others in the program. Undaunted, Cedric continues his crusade at Ballou, keeping his head down and focused at the finish line for his senior year. Cedric, now past the prospect of enrollment in MIT, decides to apply to Brown University as a last resort. Cedric, unable to cope with the idea of going to a mediocre college after his years of sacrifice and hard work, feels that Brown is his final out. Cedric’s prayers are answered and he receives a letter of acceptance to Brown University. The remainder of the novel describes Cedric’s experience at Brown, which in many ways parallels what he had at MIT. Cedric once again finds it difficult to compete in any class besides Calculus and realizes that most of his peers can even afford to party on the weekends and sustain their superior academic performance. Even the African American students at Brown seem much more intelligent than he is, with almost everyone hailing from a fully-functional family with money. The storyline Suskind paints of Brown is vivid in its depiction of freshman year interactions (all awkwardness included). Amidst the backdrop of freshman year, Cedric finds it difficult to partake in the festivities of normal college freshman (drinking) and as a result keeps mostly to himself. Cedric opts to take each of his first semester classes as pass/fail to hedge against his uncertainty of academic performance. Pass/Fail â€Å"to encourage students to take intellectual risks, to try some classes in unfamiliar disciplines they might otherwise avoid for fear of a bad grade† (173). Cedric walks away from his fall semester passing all of his classes and even whishing he had taken some for a letter grade. In a valiant effort, Cedric decides to take five spring classes, one more than the recommended four, each for a letter grade. Although Cedric ultimately drops one class and elects to take two of the remaining four as pass/fail, he walks away from the semester with two passes, an A and a B. The general theme seen throughout the novel is upwards social mobility and the sacrifices necessary to achieve such movement. To illustrate, consider how Barbra sacrificed most of her life to perform a very active role in Cedric’s upbringing. In many ways, Cedric’s success is primarily attributed to the efforts undertaken by his mother. In some ways, it appears that the results of upwards social mobility are primarily realized a generation later. This is to say that the fruits of hard work performed by one generation are not fully enjoyed until a second generation afterwards. In many ways, Barbra does not receive much feedback for her toiling until Cedric experiences the set doors that are now open to him after his Brown education. Cedric’s entire journey is in many ways a means towards an end. The end is upwards social mobility. Although the overarching theme is upwards social mobility, there are plenty of additional core themes that are readily apparent. These are deviance, education, and religion. In many ways it can be said that Cedric is a deviant at Ballou. Cedric, with his academic drive, is undoubtedly viewed as an an outcast amidst the backdrop students with little no incentive to study. At Ballou, it is almost as if his peers are expected to walk into a word of drug-dealing and violence. There is simply zero incentive to study. This is unfortunate because there are many students, like Philip Atkins, who possess significant potential yet choose not to stand out like Cedric and to instead conform to the common stereotypes of black males. â€Å"Distinctiveness can be dangerous, so it’s best to develop an aptitude for not being noticed† (2-3). Cedric’s academic standards are different than those of any other black man and only mirrored in isolated instances by a few select girls. Because Cedric stands far from the typical African American stereotype, he has few friends in school. At assemblies held to honor the select few students who got all A’s, the entire student body shuns Cedric for his academic performance and label him, ironically, as an uppity individual who displays similar pride as a Caucasian. (negative sanction/stigma) This is highly degrading and Cedric skips the ceremony altogether, afraid to accept the financial cash award for straight-A’s in front of the rest of the school. It is logical to imply that within the confines of Ballou High, deviance is a dangerous trait to harbor. In some ways, it can even get you killed. Cedric is a deviant from the structures that society almost demands he follow. Even at Brown, where everyone is just as smart as Cedric, if not more so, Cedric is a deviant. In order to keep up with everyone, Cedric cannot afford to waste time going out over the weekends and socializing as normal college students would. Cedric once again finds himself a deviant at an academic institution. Here, where the stereotypes are not hustling and being a thug, a male in Cedric’s position is almost expected to party on the weekends, smoke weed and drink alcohol. These avenues are not at all appealing to Cedric, whose father is in jail because of drug addictions and whose mother is an active member of the church. Cedric successfully steers clear of these temptations and is thus a deviant amidst an entire population of college students indulging themselves. Overall, the theme of deviance in this novel is shown to transfer to the deviant character plenty of wear and tear. This is to say that it takes a lot to be a deviant. Being a deviant entails going against the grain which can be a particularly difficult process to continue living with. The second core theme is education as a primary means to social mobility. In the novel, education is an important precursor to social mobility as it is said to open many doors in the future. The idea of an education is important in that it serves as a distinguishing factor. It stratifies individuals and labels them. Gatekeeping is â€Å"determining which people will enter what occupations is another function of education† (504). â€Å"No one’s going to hire a drug dealer and armed robber who has spend nearly half his life locked up† (56). A conflict theorist would say that education is an institution that is unable to be perfectly fair to all (LATENT FUNCTION). All public schools, like the one Cedric attends in DC, are funded according to their standardized testing scores. Since minorities tend to cluster together in inner cities, most of the students who attend public schools in bad neighborhoods are very poor and not generally driven to succeed. Intern, due to their low drive and academic abilities, these schools are unable to secure proper and necessary federal funding to improve their offerings. The poor schools thus become poorer and more substandard while other schools, mostly those with students who come from more wealthy families, are granted more funding, only further exacerbating the problem. â€Å"Once they arrive, affirmative action kids are generally left so sink or swim academically†¦Not surprisingly, dropout rates among minorities, particularly those of lower income, tend to be higher than the rest† (191). Education is presented as a process throughout the book. It may not be primarily about memorizing calculus theorems, but rather the entire sequence of socialization that college entails that properly constitutes an â€Å"education. † In this sense, an education is more about dealing with problems and setbacks in the most efficient manner. â€Å"Education is a group’s formal system of teaching knowledge, values, and skills† (498). Also use the term hidden curriculum, or â€Å"the attitudes and the unwritten rules of behavior that schools teach in addition to the formal curriculum† (507). Credential societys use things like diplomas as a sort of filter to determine who is eligible for one job and who isn’t. These skills can be applied to life, as Cedric later discovers. Almost everything in education implies overcoming obstacles and the same can be said for social mobility. The ascent up the social ladder is laden with challenges and meeting people who are formidable competitors. Yet the skills a proper education teaches of how to overcome such difficulties are invaluable in the process of social mobility. In some sense, education teaches how to best deal with competition and successful management of competition is a precursor for social mobility. In this manner, the two go hand-in-hand. The third core theme is religion and its functionalist impact on human life. The building blocks of capitalism are not economical but religious: Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic â€Å"financial success was the blessing that indicated that God was on their side† (13). Throughout the novel, the implied connection is that religion creates intense group ties that help individuals wade through the minefield of life PRIMARY GROUP. As part of her upbringing, Barbra introduces Cedric to Scripture Church and Pastor Long at an early age. The church community quickly becomes a major portion of Cedric’s life. From his early years, Cedric makes the church a major part of his life. In some ways, the ritual of going to church and the community present at the church are a strong point upon which Cedric draws the courage to keep going while being such a deviant at Ballou. The church helps Cedric build up his defenses for the weathering process that being a deviant entails. For Cedric, the church community is just what he needs. Religion teaches Cedric the lifelong skill of listening to others and respecting those above him. â€Å"Scripture Cathedral offered Cedric and Barbara neat designations of good and evil and strict rules forbidding even common activities, like watching movies or dressing provocatively† (36). It is important to note that religion is important to lay the foundation upon which most of Cedric’s traits later built upon yet Cedric’s tie to religion slowly changes as he travels through his freshman year at Brown. Here, he is able to incorporate what he learned from Church with daily functioning. Now far from the church, Cedric does not seek another church and distances himself from the word of God. Even so, when he returns to DC, Cedric still attends church but not with the same intensity. About the student body at Brown: â€Å"very few of them arrived by simply putting their trust in God and praying everything would work out. Took a lot more than that† (274). However, even without religion playing such an active role in his life, Cedric still continues on a reputable path towards upwards social mobility. It is interesting that when the circumstances were right, religion was Cedric’s savior yet it appears that once he regained his footing and his confidence, he slowly drifts from religion but does so without hurting his overall goals. Religion, therefore, is functional in establishing a good foundation for future success, yet it appears to be yet another aspect of successful life whose relative importance or emphasis is prone to change over time. The novel demonstrates that an integral component of Cedric’s success were the values he was taught by the church. â€Å"She knows that Bishop’s message is no longer sinking in as deeply as it once did. But it’s already in Cedric – the Holy Spirit, the Word – and it will guide him wherever he goes† (111). In this sense, it can be said that the church was an integral aspect for Cedric’s success and his ultimate social mobility. The church taught Cedric to be humble, decent, and aware of whom he is in relation to others. Many of these values translate to his successful competition with the other Brown undergraduates. â€Å"All he has to do, ultimately, is join this crowd academically† (335). Emile Durkheim and Social Integration: â€Å"the degree to which people are tied to their social group† (12). Achieved status. Overall, I really enjoyed the novel. I felt it was a very thorough and accurate portrayal of Cedric (the real man) and explored his inner thoughts and feelings in a complicated and very moving manner. I felt almost as if the descriptions were those of Cedric alone and not simply the reproduced words of the author. I read the afterword written by the author about his process of writing the novel and of ensuring all the descriptions of Cedric’s feelings were accurate according to Cedric himself. It is therefore no surprise to me that these descriptions seem so authentic. Looking-glass self, as explained by W. E. B. DuBois†¦the black man does not have a true conscience but rather a double-consciousness – â€Å"a sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity† (327). Charles Horton Cooley The Looking Glass Self â€Å"We imagine how we appear to those around us†¦we interpret other’s reactions†¦we develop a self-concept† (68-69). It is difficult to say whether or not I agree or disagree with the author because in very few places are the author’s feelings ever evidenced. The novel is more or less a portrayal of things as Cedric saw them, with no insight into the author’s true point of view. If anything, it can be said that the author holds Cedric in high esteem and values the sacrifices and hard work Cedric put into his academic career. For this much I certainly agree. I feel Cedric’s journey is undoubtedly praiseworthy and certainly one in a million. There are many people who doubt programs like affirmative action even work. â€Å"a program filled with self-assured middle- or upper-middle-class black and Hispanic kids – leaders of tomorrow, all – many of whom are here for little more than resume padding† (91). Here, it is possible to see how affirmative act falls short in its original intentions. However, this novel is a true demonstration that they DO in fact work for some people who make the most out of the unique opportunity it presents them. Sure, these students will face a much more steep learning curve than others will, but I maintain that having to deal with a steep learning curve is much better than not having a learning curve in the first place.

Finding Nemo Film Analysis

Finding Nemo Film Analysis  »Ã‚ ¿ Pixar Animation Studios made a large splash at the summer box office on May 30, 2003 with Finding Nemo. Directed by Andrew Stanton and Co-Director Lee Unkrich, Finding Nemo won an Oscar, thirty-four other awards, and thirty-five nominations; also, the film was ranked in the top ten American Film Institutes list of the ten greatest films in the genre Animation in June 2008. With all of the movies accomplishments, how could one not see this joyful movie? This film also stars Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, and Alexander Gould (Finding Nemo). Finding Nemo is a tale of an adventurous young clownfish, Nemo, who ends up in an aquarium. In search to find his son, Marlin finds Dory, and the two of them encounter adventures and reunite with Nemo. Finding Nemo is a remarkable movie due to the enlightening theme, meticulous and glorious animation, and a well-played cast. The theme of Finding Nemo forms through a father-son love story. Several components of the story help interpret the message of the film. One major element is the concern about Nemos short fin, a deformity that keeps Marlin worried. Stanton states: [Nemos disability is] a metaphor for anything you worry is insufficient or hasnt formed yet in your child (Corliss). Parents become worried about a handicap in their child and think that the disability is a corrupt view of the parent. This movie can teach parents that there is no perfect father or child, like Marlin and Nemo. On Marlins journey, Marlin is set on finding his son when divers take Nemo; on his journey he meets the unforgettable Crush who is the complete opposite of Marlin, relaxed with parenting. Corliss explains, When Marlin asks the sea turtle Crush how a father knows when his kids are ready to swim out on their own, the wise dude replies, Well, you never really know. But when they know, you know- yknow?'(Corliss). Parents c an relate to Crush and Nemos devoted dad that children need to grow up and discover the world. The message of the movie is important for parents; the message is about letting go and getting back. According to Corliss, Nemos fish-out-of-water plot was hatched back in 1992, when he visited Marine World in Vallejo, Calif. His feelings of protectiveness towards his own boy Ben inspired the father-son story (Corliss). By looking at the views of Stanton, readers may see how he and other parents feel about the letting go and getting back policy. Even though parents may find the policy hard to follow, watching this movie can help relieve the hard way of stress by understanding the lesson of the movie. O Sullivan elucidates, [Nemos]father is forced to enlist the aide of a beautiful stranger to decipher the only clue left at the crime scene, even while the pair narrowly averts such threats as a trio of predatory thugs foundering in a 12-step program (O Sullivan). Through all of Marlins comica l, action-packed, and nerve-racking encounters, he learns his lesson after gaining Nemo back, knowing when to hold means knowing when to let go. The spectacular animation is a huge hit in Finding Nemo. The almost impossible underwater animation requires many elements and hard work and Pixar has outdone it. The animation consists of glorious images that represent the ocean in varying degrees of darkness and light, stillness and turbulence, clarity and obscurity, and in ways that high light the myriad colors possessed by underwater life(McCarthy). McCarthy describes the underwater animation with such beauty that how could one resist to see the hard work paid off. In addition, the underwater detail is the product of meticulous effort. Ansen proclaims, High on the movies list of accomplishments is its creation of an undersea wonderland whose opalescent colors and shifting light reflect the enchanted aura of dreamy aquatic photography (Ansen). The movie successfully sustains a watery ambience, which is not an easy thing to do given that water is semitransparent. With an unexpected beauty, Finding Nemo is able to portray decent use of color and form. According to Ebert, Finding Nemo is one of those rare movies where I [want] to sit in the front row and let the images wash out to the edges of my field of vision (Ebert).This animation makes people feel like they are inside the movie. Also, for many people, they could have a second-viewing for the effects. A perfect cast comments the perfect movie. Dory needing an enthusiastic personality was matched with the perfect voice, Ellen DeGeneres. Ansen believes, Ellen DeGeneres, hilarious and poignant, gives a tour de force reading (Ansen). DeGeneres attracts a prodigious crowd to Finding Nemo. According to Holden, Ms. DeGeneres infuses what could have been a one-note role with an irresistible enthusiasm and playfulness (Holden). Without her reading, Dory would not have the same personality. Other characters are also very memorable. Michael O Sullivan observes, Pixars attention to minute details of characterization—lobsters speak with New England accents, seagulls are mindless, yapping clones [fixate] on their next meal—pay off big time (O Sullivan). These voices also bring in the full effect of the characters and movie, making the movie very comical. Finding Nemos fame is an outcome of an unforgettable theme, breathtaking animation, and a comical and perfect-fitting cast. The paradox of love theme can relate to all parents and future parents. Furthermore, the spectacular and detailed animation can warrant for a second viewing and make people feel in a state of reverie. Finally, the cast produces a stunning success. This film is outstanding connecting to each person in the audience. Finding Nemo is a success to Pixar films and one must not resist seeing it! Works Cited Ansen, David. Freeing Nemo: A Whale of a Tale. Newsweek. Newsweek, Inc., 2 June 2003. Web. 12 January 2010. Corliss, Richard. Hook, Line, and Thinker. Time. Time Inc., 19 May 2003. Web. 12 January 2010. Ebert, Roger. Finding Nemo. Rogerebert.com. Rogerebert.com, 30 May 2003. Web. 14 January 2010. Finding Nemo. Internet Movie Database. IMDb.com, Inc. Web. 27 January 2010. Holden, Stephen. Film Review: Vast Sea, Tiny Fish. Big Crisis. The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 30 May 2003. Web. 13 January 2010. McCarthy, Todd. Finding Nemo. Variety. Reed Business Information, 26 May 2003. Web. 12 January 2010. O Sullivan, Michael. Finding Nemo: This Fish Story is a Keeper. The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company, 30 May 2003. Web. 13 January 2010.

Achieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Es

Achieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Willy Loman is a man on a mission. His purpose in life is to achieve a false sense of the "American Dream," but is this what Willy Loman really wants? In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller analyzes the American Dream by portraying to us a few days in the life of a washed up salesman named Willy Loman. The American Dream is a definite goal of many people, meaning something different to everyone. Willy's version is different from most people though; his is based more on being well-liked and achieving monetary successes rather than achieving something that will make him happy. Willy never becomes part of the "American Dream" because he never follows his true dreams and aspirations. He chooses a career that will make him money, but not much, rather than a career that he will enjoy. This is the big mistake that Willy makes in his life and in the end he never overcomes it. Willy never becomes part of the American Dream because he tries to become successful and wealthy rather than spending his life doing something that would bring him and his family joy. "The American Dream " is a term used to summarize the basic ideals held by the American public. Death of a Salesman focuses on this dream and analyses the dreams significance in the American social order. The basic principal behind the "American Dream" is the belief that if people have an aspiration and they work for it they will achieve their dreams. Furthermore, what lies at the heart of the American Dream is the desire to achieve wealth and power based on one's looks and appearance rather than the value and quality of their work. The American Dream is supposedly what everyone wants to end up with; a family, a house, a car and a well paying job. The problem is that not everyone wants these things. People all over the world desire to immigrate to America because they have heard of this "American Dream" and they want to be a part of a country that makes it seem so easy to make a fortune. The problem with this dream is the theory at the basis of it; the fact that success is not assure d, but if people work for their dreams they will eventually achieve them. People can work their entire lives thinking that they are contributing to humanity when in fact they are not. They believe that as long as they put something into civilization, at the end ... ...e something better. This is evident when Linda tells Willy "be happy right here, right now. Why must everybody conquer the world? You're well liked, and the boys love you" (Movie). Willy never listens to his heart and because of this, he follows the wrong dream. Willy was never really a part of the American Dream. In the end, we see Willy's foolishness for killing himself. Willy has too much pride to take a job from Charley and would rather end his own life than work under his friend for money. Willy thinks he is helping everyone by giving them his life insurance money but everyone would rather have him still alive than the money. Striving for his dream of becoming well liked and successful leaves Willy with nothing that will make him happy. In the end, Willy's dream ends up being for Biff to achieve everything that he himself could not achieve. Willy's plan backfires though when Biff chooses the opposite of what Willy wants and leaves the city to try to find out what will make him happy. In the end, Willy's obsession with the American Dream is his undoing. Willy never really becomes part of the American Dream because he never understands what he needs to make himself happy.

Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

In the novel Of Mice and Men, Jon Steinbeck portrays the life of two common men looking for work on various ranches throughout the United States. The ultimate goal of Lenny and George is to save enough money so they will be able to purchase their own ranch. Traveling the country in search of work proves to the men that companionship is one of the greatest things a man can obtain. Steinbeck uses his novel to introduce several themes that many people will encounter in life such as loneliness, death, and chasing the American dream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lenny and George discover that as long as they have each other, they will always have something. Most of the other ranch workers do not have any family or a close friend. Lenny can not take care of himself and depends on George to do so. George merely counts on Lenny for companionship and as someone to confide in. George tells Lenny of his hopes and dreams and although Lenny may not fully comprehend what George is saying, George’s need for someone to converse with is fulfilled. Lenny and George are almost like a family as in they satisfy each other’s emotional needs and keep each other company. Both Lenny and George benefit greatly from their relationship. Although it appears that Lenny needs George more, George’s needs are just not as evident. Without Lenny, George would take his pay, and “go into town and buy liquor.'; Lenny is a means of hope and his presence keeps George on track.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death is not perceived to be the worst possible situation in this instance. Lenny has a mental condition and has the mental capacity equivalent to that of a third grader. Lenny’s reasoning skills, or rather lack thereof, lead him into doing harm to others and ultimately into killing Curley’s wife. After the other ranch workers find Curley’s wife dead, they suspect Lenny to be the killer. Lenny runs away and hides in a spot that George has told him to run to if anything bad should ever happen. George finds Lenny before the other men do, but ironically George kills Lenny. George does not kill Lenny to get rid of him and not have to take care of him anymore, but as way of helping him. Lenny’s mental state deters him from distinguishing right from wrong and thus, Lenny stays in constant trouble. Lenny does not comprehend his strength and does not know how to contain it.

Globalization More Poweful Force Than Localization Essay -- Globalizati

Kofi Annan, a UN diplomat, once said, â€Å"...that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity.† Globalization and localization are two terms used to describe policies a government would take on dealing with its ideals. Globalization and localization are almost opposite concepts but can coexist. Countries must decide how they will approach their situation in an integrated global economy and integrated cultural surrounding. In this paper, I plan to discuss what globalization and localization are and discuss some of the costs and benefits associated with each. I will use the reading by James N. Rosenau, "The Complexities and Contradictions of Globalization, to discuss globalization and localization in international politics. Globalization deals with the spread of ideas relating to peoples, activities, norms, ideas, goods, services, and currency that are confined to a specific geographical place and its established norms. It is something that is changing these set norms of activities and concerns of a society that have long served as the foundation of a certain way of life. Globalization indicates moving away from a set standard in the fields of political, economic, and political ways of life. Rosenau puts it as "a transformation of practices and norms". So globalization is more of a process than a "prevailing condition or a desirable end state". The aspirations for a particular state is something different, it is globalism. Localization is a term used to describe those factors that cause a nation, an ... ...things but secondary to the positive gains of globalization. The things gained by globalization help keep a nation economically and politically stable or more so than if localization was practiced. This was illustrated through the two New York Times articles. Though there is a lean towards globalization, Rosenau believes that both globalization and localization can coexist. As he put it, "for globalizing and localizing tendencies to accommodate each other, individuals have to come to appreciate that they can achieve psychic comfort in collectivities through multiple memberships and multiple loyalties, that they can advance both local and global values without either detracting from the other". He does believe this coexistence is possible and almost inevitable so he says that it is all about how well a nation can wok with both of them and make them work efficiently.

Methods in Computer Security Essay

One of the negative impacts of technological advancements is the advancement of criminal methods. As one of the widespread progression in the whole world today, computerization has been made an instrument for criminal offenses, and this has alarmed many computer experts since the millennium bug had emerged, and was fortunately solved. Knowing the things that must be observed in computer software and hardware investigation is important to flourish as a computer forensics expert. Current investigations usually dwell on individual category, but still it can be expanded to a more general sense in analyzing the patterns and motives of maybe not just individuals, but groups or organizations (Anderson, 1996). First, in either hardware of software, all protective procedures must be known by the investigator. Security for the reliability of the source of information is of an utmost importance in fishing evidences towards solving a crime. The computer itself is the first place that must be secured. A way to secure them is to label them to avoid possible damages and interchange of the computer parts. Keeping the original state of the machine whether it is turned on/off, or maintaining connections at the back of the CPU or a laptop, is also a requirement for in the case of transportation, there might be a need to disassemble the parts, and knowing the original positions of the connections is relevant to restore the computer for investigation after transportation (Barba, __, p. 19). Second is the acquisition of electronic information. This can be obtained from the hard disk or other disk drives attached to the computer and to e-mails, where possible records of computer manipulation that the offender had done to the systems before and after completion of the act are present. Looking at the deleted and hidden files is also a very crucial step, which might lead to the identification of the possible objectives of the criminal in deleting those data fragments, or what data he needed so as to complete his purpose (Barba, __, p. 24). Upon identification of the important data files that are removed from the system, and if there exists any system transactions that can be done through those files, like for example bank transactions, it would be the initiative of investigator to warn the potential persons that can be damaged when the transactions have been completed. The third thing that is important to consider is the recovery of the lost information that the client needs. It may also be possible to identify log-in passwords and usernames to monitor the users of the computer which can be associated with time of deletion of information, thus identifying the criminal. They can also look at the possible system protection measures to secure information and to avoid access again to the system. The log and registry of the computer may trace this necessary information and identify changes on the computer codes (Sunblocksystems. com, 2007). Fingerprints may also be looked at in the case of a criminal act done at the place of the client itself. Identification of the criminal would be much more specific at this case. References Anderson, K. E. (1996). International Intrusions: Motives and Patterns Retrieved July 14, 2008, 2008, from http://www. aracnet. com/~kea/Papers/paper. shtml Barba, M. (___). Computer Forensic Investigations [Electronic Version]. Retrieved July 14, 2008, from http://www. computer-forensic. com/old_site/presentations/ASIS_Presentation. pdf Sunblocksystems. com. (2007). Computer Forensics. Retrieved July 13, 2008, from http://www. sunblocksystems. com/forensics. html

Do the Right Thing Analysis

Do The Right Thing, a movie directed by Spike Lee, filmed on a sunny summer day in a black neighbourhood in Brooklyn is what many consider a great movie. The movie portrays stories of many actors consisting from different palettes, where each has their own conflicts and struggles. It is a very entertaining movie yet it will leave you emotionally connected to the events that took place. It would not have reached its current success if it wasn’t for the unique cinematography.In the coming sections I will be talking about the shots, angles, lighting styles, symbolism and colour. Realism The realism of this movie is pretty clear, where Spike Lee was trying to convey the physical reality of the black people who live in a culturally diverse network. There were several characters in the movie and each had his own story, the flow of the, jumping from one character the other gives the feeling that there is no manipulation of the story, it’s the real deal and this is how things r oll in Brooklyn in a timeline of twenty-four hours.Another reason why this movie is linked to realism is because of the moral issues, where for example there would be a sensitive scene about a scene, that speaks for itself and it is interpreted by the audience in their own way. Do The Right Thing may be also be considered as a classic since there was a focus on telling a great story but no that of one character but many, and each had his/her own charisma. It is the type of movies where you would want to go back over and over again to watch it. Shots Spike Lee is known for his perfect shots where he uses different lens to give the movie a distinguishing look.The movie varied from long shots, medium, close up and extreme close up. That is shown from the beginning of the movie where the woman was dancing and it almost included all of the shots mentioned above. Throughout the movie the technique of including various shots were constantly being used and were applied to all the characters . Figure 1A Extreme close up Figure 1B Close up Figure 1C Medium shot ` Figure 1D Long shot Figure 2A Extreme close up Figure 2B close up Figure 2C Medium shot Figure 2D Long shot The figures shown above are just two examples of many where different shots are being taken of the.In Figure 2a- 2b we have an example of the camera creating an extreme close up, pulling back going through the close up, medium shot to reach the long shot, and then moving horizontally to show the neighbourhood. This technique was used constantly. I think the meaning behind this technique is to make the movie as seem as realistic as possible. Spike Lee focused on the main characters individually and then pulls backed to create a long shot to show that character’s place in the neighbourhood, which adds realism to the setting. Angles.In Spike Lee’s Do the Right Thing, he set up his camera in different positions and shot at different angles. A low angle is when the subject is being filmed from bel ow. I believe that this angle gives the subject superiority and makes him look powerful. Figure 3 Figure 3 is a scene where Radio Raheem was ordering pizza with his stereo being played and Sal was telling him to turn it off. Raheem looked intimidated so the low angle shot adds to the intimidation. In my opinion this was perfect since Radio Raheem was a character that everyone is afraid off and the more intimidating he looks the better.I also think that it added a little spice to the end, because these constant shots of Raheem give a bigger impact on the audience when he dies. In contrary to low angle shots, high angles are taken from above. The camera is placed above the subject facing down. This type of shot is to make the subjects appear insignificant and it gives a general overview of the scene Figure 4 Mother Sister Trauma. High angle view. The scene in Figure 4 is just before the end of the movie where Sal’s restaurant was burnt down because he was blamed for Radio Rahee m’s death.These incidents gave Mother Sister a trauma. I would not say that the high angle shot makes her insignificant, but it would rather make her look threatened by the general overview scene, that the high angle shot achieves. The violence ends with this scene, which in my point of view is a very dramatic one. Mother Sister is the lovable person, everyone looks up too her but she was screaming like a lunatic, then the high angle shot of all the destruction around gives a dramatic ending to that scene.There were many eye level shots taken in the movie. An Eye level shot is when the subject is being filmed near eye level. What I think Spike Lee was trying to do with these eye level shots if to put the audience in the same footing of the characters. The bird eye view is the shot taken overhead. It makes people in the scene look small. Figure 5 Bird eye shot, final scene. An example of a bird eye shot is shown in Figure 5, the final scene. This scene is one of the most impor tant of the movie.The movie visualises a 24 hour timeline, so all the incident s that happened, from waking up to burning Sal’s kitchen happened in one day, which in my opinion is a lot of activity in a neighbourhood. This final scene that makes the neighbourhood appear to be god like is amazing, after all the violence that broke down, it seems like nothing happened. People are playing basketball; DJ love daddy is talking about a new subject ignoring what happened last night. Every day is a new page for this people. Oblique shots are shots taken at a tilted angle.Straight lines become diagonals which gives a shot an overwhelming feeling in an unstable world. Figure 6A Oblique shot, Mayor Figure 6B Oblique shot, MotheSister The conversations between the Mayor and Mother Sister where taking at an oblique angle. I think the reason behind this is to highlight the unstable an unbalanced relationship between them. Lighting styles The movie took place on a hot day in summer, since i t is a story about a movie about one day, lighting is going to change from bright in the morning, brighter in the afternoon, less brighter at sunset, night which is dark and finally the next morning.There was a lot of emphasis on how it was really hot, so it is important that the brightness to stand out. Spike Lee kind of showed us how hot it is. There was a scene where could see the heat waves surrounding the tree old men on the sidewalk. The lighting in the riot scene in the end was great, it was very realistic and it captured the audience emotionally, especially those who have memories of such riots. Symbolism I believe that there was a lot of symbolism in the movie; in fact each character symbolized something, of the struggle in a black neighbourhood.For example, Sal and the Korean symbolize the irony of them taking more money from the black community more than the businesses of the blacks themselves, and they do not live in the neighbourhood. The mentally challenged guy and the pictures of Marter L. King and Malcom X are connected, where there is a double grief, first is on the guy himself, I think people felt sorry for him, and the second grief was the reminder of Malcom X and Martin passing away, both these factors probably affected the audience emotionally.Buggin’out wants African Americans on the wall in Sal’s restaurant; Radio Raheem is blasting off fight the power song. There are many others symbols in this movie and the nature, location and story it requires these symbolisms, that adds al little spice to movie and affects the audience emotionally. Colour Like the lighting the colour helps us associate to the weather. Different tones ranging from orange, red, and yellow were used. These colours can also be interpreted in the characters emotions. The main colour was red to emphasize that it is hot.He uses other colours in calmer place such as in Mookie’s girlfriend’s room, which was blue. I believe that Spike Lee sis a goo d job in playing around with colours Conclusion Do the right thing is a movie that gets you to think. You get laughs out of it some others cry. The techniques used in the movies are the reason why it is considered to be a successful movie. The way he portrayed the black community struggling from the different scenes and characters will leave an impact on whoever watches the movie.

Achilles as the Anti-Hero in Homer’s “Iliad” Essay

From beginning to end of Homer’s The Iliad, Achilles is portrayed as a man stagnant in his ways. He is arrogant, impatient, unforgiving, vengeful, and extremely stubborn, and these awful attributes never cease. Achilles’ lack of compassion perplexes the present situation involving the Achaens and the Trojans by making it difficult to figure out which side is truly good and evil–both sides have good reason to fight. Even though Achilles is set in his ignorant ways, he does manage to do some good at the end of the story. However, even though he displays this act of unselfishness, the fury within Achilles causes him to remain the unchanging, selfish man that he truly is. Agamemnon has just insulted Achilles in front of all the Achaeans, and, because of this incident, Achilles decides to return home rather than stay and fight with his own people. Returning to his tent, Achilles calls upon his mother, Thetis, a goddess, to beg Zeus for one favor: ‘Persuade him, somehow, to help the Trojan cause, / to pin the Achaeans back against their ships, / trap them round the bay and mow them down. / So all can reap the benefits of their king– / so even mighty Atrides can see how mad he was / to disgrace Achilles, the best of the Achaeans!’ (1.485-490). Rather than put his anger aside and continue to help in the battle, Achilles, being the best warrior, not only stops fighting, he summons his mother to ask Zeus to make his people suffer. His pride and arrogance overrun his rational thinking, and his attempt to make his own people suffer as he watches makes his disgusting behavior incomprehensible. Zeus complies with Thetis’ request, and the Trojans eventually force the Achaeans back to their ships. After many great losses, Agamemnon sends messengers to Achilles to ask the great warrior to rejoin the battle. Reviewing the gifts of Agamemnon, Achilles replies, â€Å"‘I say no wealth is worth my life!'† (9.488). Although this is a noble statement, Achilles answers more out of anger and haste. His inability to listen to reason and understand the full scope of the Achaean’s dreadful situation allows a transparent look inside the workings of a mind consumed with revenge. Achilles begins The Iliad with anger, and that anger within him never ceases. After hearing Achilles’ pitiful excuses for not returning to battle, Ajax retorts, â€Å"‘Achilles– / he’s made his own proud spirit so wild in his chest, / so savage, not a thought for his comrades’ love– / we honored him past all others by the ships. / Hard ruthless man'† (9.768-71). Ajax’s words represent the solidity of Achilles’ ways. Due to his stubbornness, Achilles has now lost the respect of the men that once worshipped him like a god. Ajax concludes his speech to Achilles: ‘You–the gods have planted / a cruel, relentless fury in your chest! All for a girl, / just one, and here we offer you seven–outstanding beauties– / that, and a treasure trove besides. Achilles, / put some human kindness in your heart’ (9.778-81). This statement by Ajax is extremely important because he draws upon the fact that Achilles is the offspring of the immortal goddess, Thetis. Although Achilles is mortal he exudes god-like qualities that are envied and worshipped by his friends and enemies. The fact that Ajax has to remind Achilles to act human focuses the attention to the irrational behavior of the gods themselves. Achilles’ actions are no more irrational than those of the gods, and he continues to emulate their vengeful behavior until his demise. The most important turning point in The Iliad is the loss of Achilles friend, Patroclus. After plunging his spear into Patroclus, Hector mocks the orders of Achilles: ‘Now don’t come back to the hollow ships, you hear?– / Patrolclus, master horseman– / not till you’ve slashed the shirt around his chest / and soaked it red in the blood of man-killing Hector!’ / So he must have commanded–you maniac, you obeyed (16.482-86). Although Hector believes that Achilles sent Patroclus to drive the Trojans back to their city walls, some truth lies within his statement. Achilles  realizes that the Achaens need his presence and fighting ability in order to win the war over the Trojans, but once again he stubbornly refuses to assist in what he views as Agamemnon’s war. He agrees to lend his armor to Patroclus instead, and by not parting with his vengeful feelings against Agamemnon and joining the fight, he becomes responsible for the death of his friend at the hands of Hector. The death of Patroclus forces Achilles to put his differences with Agamemnon aside and fight once more. The acts of Achilles after the death of Hector offer a glimpse inside his horrible nature: So he triumphed / and now he was bent on outrage, on shaming noble Hector. / Piercing the tendons, ankle to heel behind both feet, / he knotted straps of rawhide through them both, / lashed them to his chariot, left the head to drag / and mounting the car, hoisting the famous arms aboard, / he whipped his team to a run and breakneck on they flew, / holding nothing back (22.465-72). Realizing he was about to die, Hector begs Achilles to allow his body to remain with his people for proper burial. Achilles shockingly mocks and scorns Hector, then, after brutally killing him, drags his naked body at the walls of Troy for all Trojans to witness. Although it is common for armies to take their dead enemies and display them as a sign of victory, the fact that Hector takes a moment to ask Achilles to be respectful of his dead body reveals much about the two warriors. Achilles is now being compared to Hector, whose deep feelings for family and love greatly contrast the shallow concerns of Achilles. Even after he agrees to give Hector’s body back Troy, for a price of course, Achilles remains as he did in the beginning of the story–uncompassionate to the human condition. The Iliad is the story of Achilles’ fury, but Homer’s attempts to show character development and maturity fail, and what is left is a broken shell of a man who chooses to die on the battlefield rather than marry, settle down, and be content with himself. Achilles’ feeble attempt to show compassion for Hector’s father, Priam, is an act that is spawned only by the  threats and commands of the gods. If Achilles had made the decision by his own free will to do an act of decency, perhaps then some sympathy for him would be in order. The Iliad offers insight into the mentality of men who are driven by greed, lust, anger, and revenge–themes that will run throughout the course of history until this very day.

The Secret of Finding Meaning in Life

The Secret of Finding Meaning in Life Life is truly too short, this phrase really bothered me because it made me think of how I could make my life meaningful and with sense; something that is living life to the fullest and touching the life of others by serving them because in serving you will know what really life is Just like Jesus who came to earth not to be serve but to serve. But how we could make our life living with significance and meaning?This question is so stunning especially when we realized that we are at the wrong path since we are living here on earth. Is there such thing as secret of finding meaning in life? That might some what answers me base on certain articles that I Just read and as well as the video that amazed me while viewing. This first article defines life and it's meaning which is â€Å"Meaning in Life [live the life that you want]† by Albert S. Wang, written on November 19, 1997.This article, questions you if you are really contented and happy of wh at you have and if this is really the life that you wanted. It is said in here that to be able to live a life that you want and to put a meaning on it; you must first know yourself from within because this makes you know of who you are, second is know where you want o go for it gives you direction in finding your happiness. These things are beginning of having a meaningful life.To find the meaning of your life, you must find it with action not Just by waiting for it to come and you can also find this meaning in life not just in distant place but mostly it is found near you. Putting a meaning in your life is all about the choices and decisions that you made on where you want to go. Just live your will and you'll see that each day you will grow in having a meaningful life. The second article that touches me is entitled â€Å"So What Will Matter? † sent by Leandro G. Cruz and shared by Joe Gatuslao of Bacolod City, Philippines. Its original title is A Life That Matters.This arti cle is so inspiring because it stresses that all that you have got starting from yourself Just like beauty, fame, wealth and all other things that you have are Just in vain because these things are not forever yours, these are just passing things and you cannot bring these things when you leave earth but what really matters are the thing that you made that others will remember you of your goodness, the things that you gave not Just in material aspects but in all, living your ife with significance, teaching others and set yourself as an example to them.All of these things are living a life that matters. This third article has an unknown author which entitles â€Å"A Purpose†. The article speaks that all of us who are created by God has a unique and significant purpose. Each of us is given a chance to find our designated purposes but you must wait when the right time comes because nas set it tor you at a time when you are equipped and ready. Most of the time you'll experience t he roughness of life but don't be dismayed because there is always a helping hand that will take care of you, which isGod who never leaves you. Just stay at the right path and do good deeds for in the end you will find your own way to the pearly white gate. The next article is the one that I liked most which is â€Å"The Journey of Our Life† shared again by Joe Gatuslao from Bacolod City, Philippines. This article actually tells a story about the Emperor who owned a huge land and he told his horseman that if he could ride on his horse and cover as much land area as he likes, then the Emperor would give him the area of land he has covered.The horseman did not stop riding and whipping the horse because he wanted to cover as much area as possible. Came to a point when he had covered a substantial area and he was exhausted and was dying. Then he asked himself, â€Å"Why did I push myself so hard to cover so much land area? Now I am dying and I only need a very small area to bury myself. † This story is really similar with the Journey of our life because most of us are always striving for richness, properties, possessions, power etc.So we work harder and harder until we come to realized that all of these things are not necessary for living a happy and meaningful life; we must balance our way of living so that we could not missed omething in life that might happen once. The next thing that I am going to share is all about the video clip that I watched; it's about an old woman at the age of 47 and her name is Susan Boyle who joined in a certain show that searches for extraordinary talents namely Britain's Got Talent.During her performance, a big shock was made by Susan because at the beginning when she first introduced herself, everybody was against her like they are judging Susan of Joining the show where she looks like so ordinary and nothing to show up but when she start on singing all where stunned by her angelic voice and hey gave her a standing ov ation but most importantly the three big yes from the strict Juries. This gives us an insight that we must not Judge the person's appearance because you'll never know what's the biggest surprise that comes from within.God created us with equal gifts and we must use this as an inspiration to others. This last article is a prayer entitled as â€Å"Mere Possessions†. It's all about the prayer of a woman who asked a help from the Lord, asking that she might not put much stock in possessions because things don't last and you cannot bring all of these things when you leave earth. That we come into the world with nothing, we leave with nothing.Having a meaningful life is about your choices and decisions that were made; Just make sure you have chosen the right path because if you do then you'll end walking along the pearly white gate and that is the fulfillment of having a meaningful life. There is really no such thing as a secret of finding a meaning in life; it's Just you who will make it meaningful by doing what is right and Just; live happy and be happy all the time because life is Just too short, you might missed something so let's make the most of it.

Buddhists and sage Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhists and sage - Assignment Example Buddhism ultimately chooses to find the good in humanity in society where religious warfare continues to plague society. The foundation of Buddhist tradition and practice focus around ethical perceptions. All Abrahamic religions along with Hinduism such as Christianity and Islam all have a divine God. Moreover, Buddhism tends to focus around life and suffering. This is perfectly displayed as the author states explicitly as he states, â€Å"Only when a person no longer stands under heaven or upon the earth is he able to forsake the world. The author is clear in this context trying to moralize the ethics and morals that surround the religion of Buddhism. The whole essence of Buddhism is to preach peacefulness and embrace nature. It was clear that people were attracted to the idea in which humanity is the focal point rather than worship and control that other religions enforce. These views are empirical in this society for many reasons. First and foremost, it is evident that we live in a very individualistic society in which individualism and luxury is propagated for. Buddhism takes a completely different approach as it enforces suffering and self-control. It leads to differences between society and further leads to more division and clashes amongst people. On the other hand, Buddhism does not indulge on submission but suffering through an internal journey. Buddhism is pinnacle of peace here as it is stated in the Bhagavad Gita, â€Å"The Buddha taught one thing alone: that is, how to end suffering in ones life† (Gita, 20). Ending suffering can promote peace and maintain harmony which is essential in for people. This whole notion of alone and inner peace conflicts with the modern society where socialization and collaboration is highly valued. The authors makes implicitly notes these aspects of Buddhism to ensure that the reader is aware of these not ions in the modern era of society. It creates an aura

Decision Making Process Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 89

Decision Making Process - Case Study Example They are, therefore, forced to react negatively to all other future events that seem to centralize the controls even further. They then assume the negative reaction to most of such attempts when anything becomes controversial in the District. To support my conclusion here, we find that, in the case study, almost all principals spoke in opposition to what the business administrator recommended. By saying that through the elimination of the funds, the District want to have another way of centralizing administration, they mean that the District has had other ways earlier, and this is just another such ways. It, therefore, shows that they are now trying not to allow the district continue centralizing the controls anymore. The principals also comment that every time they try to turn around, things become centralized in the district. It means, therefore, that, they already have no trust in the district administration and will most of the time not agree with any of their steps to centralize controls. When administrative functions are divided into organizational divisions, it becomes easy for the administration to have a clear control over the two divisions distinctively. First, there is a division of labor manifested, therefore, only specialized professionals in a given division are selected to work there to provide good results (Shivendu & Dasgupta, 2012) (page #2 lines #1-4). Therefore, while dividing the administrative functions into organizations, one is simply dividing the work to be done within those small divisions or departments. The work and responsibilities that will be assigned to individuals or departments will be based on the professional qualification as well as the experience of the workforce in that department. The divisions also cluster jobs into units, hence making it easy for control, monitoring and evaluation purposes.

The Response of Law Enforcement Agencies and Efforts to Combat Research Paper

The Response of Law Enforcement Agencies and Efforts to Combat Juvenile delinquency and the Effects both have on Society - Research Paper Example After the predication that a new wave of increased juvenile delinquents that would involve itself in serious crime. This era had many terms that described juveniles. The fear that numbers of juveniles would increase in the years that followed made many of the juvenile systems readjust their objects (DIANE Publishing Company 12). Because of the perception that the future juveniles would prove to be hardened criminals without morals and values, the juvenile systems opted to adopt punitive measures in the juvenile system. In real sense, the predicated new wave of merciless juvenile delinquents never appeared. However, the adolescents who committed offences in this era faced a system that treated them like the adults who were committing crimes. During this period, most of the delinquents facing charges received trial in courts that did not factor out that their age limited their competence in undergoing the trial process (Lipsey, et al 2). The results of the punitive juvenile system were devastating. Many of the delinquents ended up with life sentences without parole. Cries from the public about the treatment of juveniles in the justice system called for a change. In addition, psychologists proved that the maturity of the human brain occurred at 22 years. According to the new revelation, it was obvious that juveniles had deficiency in making sound decisions under immense emotional impulses. The scientific evidence and cries from the public forced the juvenile system to reconsider the rehabilitative purpose (Dood and Cesaroni 101). The implementation of the rehabilitative juvenile system needs to consider approaches that will influence the lives of the juveniles positively (Regoli, et al 70). Many approaches that have been in use have proved ineffective.... That juvenile delinquency is a problem in society especially when juveniles indulge in felony cases. Different juvenile systems are using different strategies in combating delinquency. From an examination of the issue, it is clear that there is need for new approaches. Integration of different approaches will offer success. The role of law enforcement officers is critical in addressing juvenile cases. Their attitudes and decisions determine the justice accorded to juveniles. The community has top work in conjunction with law enforcement agencies in combating delinquency. Rehabilitation facilities should present juveniles with opportunities to rebuild their lives and get their focus to the right track. Dealing with delinquents is a delicate matter. It determines whether the juvenile will undergo a worthwhile recollection or indulge in serious crimes. Some law enforcement units have noticed the need of readjustment of their cultures. New approaches such as the community prosecution are proving effective. The law enforcement agencies can still achieve much more in combating delinquency through research and adoption of evidence-based strategies.

What is 'News' Examine critically and discuss how it is constructed Essay

What is 'News' Examine critically and discuss how it is constructed and produced - Essay Example There is furthermore a tendency for news organs to try to vary their content - an excellent example is in the UK where the TV news bulletins, even on days which are dominated by â€Å"bad news† stories, will usually end with a piece of light relief - so much so that popular mythology has it that a certain news-caster was fired when his over-mirthful reaction to one such item was accidentally aired. Newspapers also follow this format - in most countries the â€Å"serious† news being placed at the beginning of a publication, with less serious issues such as TV listings, sports and letters being placed later in the publication. However, the advent of 24 hour TV news stations such as CNN, BBC World and Euronews, along with the massive expansion of the internet, has made significant changes to the ways that media construct their reports. A vast amount of effort is now put into gathering news, and once consequence of this is that news media are no longer able to manage the flow of news as comprehensively as in the past, nor to restrict access to what information the public will become privy to. Throughout history individuals, organizations and governments have sought to control public access to information. In this they have been sometimes aided and sometimes obstructed by the organs of the media which deliver that information. In particular newspapers in many countries have, until recently, tended to follow the guidance, or even censorship, which governments have imposed on them. However, more recently this has become a less followed path for news media. This greater independence appears to spring form several disparate sources. Firstly - the burgeoning of the internet has provided a new and largely unregulated source of news material. Items that mainstream news media might have previously not reported are now in the public domain. To fail to report these would leave the traditional media open to allegations of news manipulation, scorn and

Germany and the Gurmans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Germany and the Gurmans - Essay Example The thought of that period painted in me a negative perception towards Germany and the German people in general. However, my current perception is that of respect and understanding of how Germany has contributed significantly to some of the technological advancements we enjoy in the world today. The historical significance of Germany in shaping the politics of the world is also without doubt. A key theme in this perspective is that Germany has always been a primary player in the world politics and as a result a major contributor to the global affairs. Although I had known that Germany had significant influence in the course of things during the 1st and the 2nd world war, I had not known that the influence dated back centuries ago to great leaders such as Frederick the Great. Germany has also produced one of the best scientists that have contributed significantly to the field of medicine. For instance, scientists like Paul Elhrich and Robert Koch who contributed significantly to the scientific fields of medicine, microbiology and immunology. These are men who dedicated their lives for the noble course of humanity with the aim of improving better understanding of diseases. One wonders the condition of the world had there not existed such scientists. Germany is a country that strived to ensure that it was at the forefront of scientific inventions and therefore consolidating its position as one of the leading countries in the world. Such scientists had the whole world in perspective when conducting their experiments in order to find solutions not to the problems of Germany alone but to the problems of the whole world. In the field of psychology and sociology, Germany also produced one of the key contributors in these fields. The contributions of German sociologists and psychologists improved the understanding of mental diseases and human behaviors in the society, thereby setting the pace for contemporary sociologists and

Nursing Organizational change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Organizational change - Essay Example That is until the recent economic down turn. Comanche has a couple of major problems at this time, that will require major change. They are running in the red like many hospitals but this has not happened to them before and they have a very traditional history and the Senior team is older and very traditional in their approaches. This is also true of the second layer or Senior Directors. They have had one lay off this year and the new fiscal year began in July. The end o July figures showed that they were in the black by $134,000. Some of the middle level directors and managers have been replaced by attrition by more forward thinking staff. However, most of them have been there a year and there has been little change and these new leaders are becoming very frustrated. This paper will discuss the change needed at Comanche Regional Hospital Kotter (1996) tells us that there are eight stages of change. Those stages are establishing a sense of urgency, creating the guiding coalition, developing a vision and strategy, communicating the change vision, empowering a broad base of people to take action, generating short-term wins, consolidating gains, and producing even more change and institutionalizing the new approaches in the culture. The change initiative that will need to go through these stages is a reduction of length of stay which will improve hospital throughput. There are many issues related to length of stay so for the sake of a shorter paper, discharging patients by noon will be chosen. Establishing a sense of urgency is the first of the eight stages of change that are proposed by Kotter (1996). For Comanche Memorial Hospital, this will not be a simple task. This is a group of senior leaders that just does not get riled up about most things. . This has filtered down through the rest of the organization and has created a sense of complacency. The CFO in this case understands the need for the change so the initial plan here would be to illicit his help in putting together some realistic but important numbers together to show what can be gained by improving this process. Convincing of the whole administrative group is crucial (Kotter, 2008). only then can we proceed. This same process will then need to go to the director level and an incentive program here will work very well to establish urgency. Creating a guiding coalition in this case should be happening with the creation of the first sense of urgency. Many times, according to Kotter (1996), the guiding coalition is given credit to one person but in the case of this hospital, that guiding coalition must be the C suite and the Senior Directors. They must be convinced and added to this group are the informal leaders of patient care. This group must be credible though and must contain people who are movers because to have a stagnant committee will only teach the lesson that complacency is OK after all when the lesson needs to be, the train in moving on, get aboard. This coalition must have four kinds of power to be successful. Those include position power which means that there are enough of the key players on board to make a difference (pg. 57), and expertise which is that there are people in the group that have experience relevant to the problem. Credibility is high only if the